ACCREDITED AT 'A' WITH 3.35 CGPA IN 3rd CYCLE BY NAAC

Research

Research cell facilitates and monitors research activities of the institution.



Publications listed in International database



Name Citation index Impact Factor H- Index
Dr.M.B.Kothale 199 6.310 7
Dr.S.B.Solabannavar 97 16.447 5
Dr.R.G.Kharabe 02 5.128 --
Dr.Smt M.M.Shankrikop 02 4.696 96



Details of Research Guides guiding student
Sl. No Faculty Member Name of University Guided at Present Awarded
Ph.D M.Phil Ph.D M.Phil
1. Dr. K. F. Pawar, Political Science Karnataka University Dharawad 02 -- 01 --
2. Dr A. S.Jaganure, Chemistry Vinayak Mission’s University, Salem Periyar University,
Salem
-- -- -- 03
3. Dr. R.G.Kharabe, Physics Vishweshwarayya Technological University,Belagavi 02 -- -- --
4. Dr. B. S. Kamble, Economics Pacific University, Udaipur,Rajasthan 01 -- -- --
5. Dr.R.S.Hiremath, Hindi Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, Madras (Dharawad Wing) -- -- -- 02



Details of the Research Projects and Grants: 2010-2015
Sl.No Faculty Member Departement Grant Utilized Duration Status
1. Dr. V. V. Bengeri Commerce Rs. 1,30,000/- 2010-12 Completed
2. Dr. B. S. Kamble Economics Rs. 1,28,000/- 2010-12 Completed
3. Shri. C. V. Koppad Commerce Rs. 40,000/- 2010-12 Completed
4. Shri. C. B. Kamati History Rs. 40,000/- 2010-12 Completed
5. Dr. R. G. Kharabe Physics Rs. 40,000/- 2009-11 Completed
6. Dr. M. B. Kothale Physics Rs. 1,60,000/- 2012-14 On going
7. Dr. A. S. Jaganure Chemistry Rs. 1,60,000/- 2013-15 On going
8. Dr. S. B. Solabannavar Chemistry Rs.1,50,000/- 2013-15 On going



“DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR OF FERRITE-FERROELECTRIC COMPOSITES”
Dr. M. B. Kothale
Principal Investigator Department of Physics,
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The composite materials of ferrite-ferroelectric show interesting results to the researchers in the recent years. The properties of composites are far superior to those of the conventional materials. The ME effect has been observed in composites but it is absent in ferrite phase as well as ferroelectric phase. The studies on the physical properties of ferrite-ferroelectric composites gives an opportunity to understand the ferrite and ferroelectric phases and in composite form. The ME effect has been observed in composite material, it arises due to the mechanical coupling between the two phases. The physical properties of composites are influenced by volume fraction of the phases, particle size and sintering process.

The magnetoelectric composites are prepared by the usual ceramic method. In this method the ferrite and ferroelectric phases are prepared separately. The ferrite and ferroelectric powder is mixed in proper proportions to get the respective composite material. The ferrite powder, ferroelectric powder and composite powder are sintered at certain temperature and shaped in the form of pellets, toroids etc. and once again sintered at high temperature. The literature survey suggest that the work on the ferrite-ferroelectric composite is relatively scant and most of the available work is confined to the measurement of ME conversion factor.

In the present work Cu-Co ferrite is selected. The samples of ferrite chosen is Cu0.4Co0.6Fe2O4. The ferroelectric phase selected is BaTiO3 doped with Pb and Zr . The composites are prepared by these two phases taking proper proportion. The composites prepared in the present case contain higher content of ferroelectric phase. The Cu-Co ferrite chosen because John-Teller ion can induce mechanical distortion of the ferrite lattice. This distortion of the ferrite lattice induces a stress in nearby ferroelectric lattice to yield high ME output in the composites. The following studies will be made during the course of this work by synthesizing and characterizing the ferrite-ferroelectric composites.


  • • Preparation of ferrite, ferroelectric and their composites by ceramic method.
  • • X-ray studies to confirm both the phases and to understand the lattice parameter, x-ray density, physical density and porosity.
  • • Electrical properties like dielectric studies, and a.c. conductivity.
  • • D C resistivity to understand the conduction mechanism.



SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME NEW QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVES USING MICROWAVES
Dr. S. B. SOLABANNAVAR
Principal Investigator Department of Chemistry,
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Quinazolinones constitute an important class of heterocyclic with a wide range of pharmacological, physiological, and biological activities, such as anticancer, antidituric, anticonvulsant, ant fertility, antibacterial and antifungal.

A literature survey showed that several methods for the synthesis of quinazolinone compounds were reported, these procedures have certain limitations such as tedious process, long reaction times, harsh reaction conditions and poor yields.

Here we report a new method of synthesis of quinazolinones using Mono morillonite K3, Seralite SRC-120 as catalyst in the reaction of Isotoic anhydride, amine and aldehyde using microwave irradiation.



Another method in which Isotoic anhydride, aromatic aldehyde and ammonium salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride and ammonium acetate were used as the source of ammonia in presence of Seralite SRC-120 using microwave irradiation.




Employability of Rural Youth with reference to Belgaum District
Shri C.V.Koppad
Associate Professor of Commerce,
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

India's strength lies in its youth. 40% of total population is between the age group of 15 to 35 years. Of the 40% population of youth, 90% lives in villages. The major portion of youth population remaines unemployed. India produces more software engineers than the USA. Tamil Nadu, which had less than a dozen engineering colleges in 1980, has more than 200 today. Five lakhs Indians are taking software training courses every year. In November 2008, the unemployment rate for the State (i.e. in the local authority area) was identical to that for Belgaum as a whole at 20.0%. Athani, Chikkodi, Gokak, Raibag and Hukkeri are the most northerly rural linked urban areas of Belgaum district of Karnataka, and are therefore particularly remote from major centres of economic investment and industrial activity.

The current focus of Belgaum district active labour market policies is to attack long-term unemployment by addressing gaps in the employability assets of members of specific client groups. Our research partially supports such an approach. The findings suggest that many job seekers, and particularly the long-term unemployed, have significant gaps in their skills and work experience, limiting their employability.

A number of general conclusions can be drawn as to potential areas for future policy action. Training strategies seeking to offer a combination of skills development and work experience are justified in targeting disadvantaged groups such as young people and the long-term unemployed, but a similar level of commitment to the delivery of holistic, community based services for all job seekers is required. In particular, localised 'job points', combining the job search assistance currently provided by the Employment Service's programme Centres with an emphasis on social interaction and peer support, may prove to be of considerable value. Only by making such a commitment to dealing with unemployed clients needs can key public agencies hope to bridge the gap between the currently limited role for formal job search services and the informal networks which dominate recruitment and job allocation in rural areas.




Economic Analysis on HIV-AIDS Epidemic in Belgaum District,Karnataka State.
Dr.B.S.Kamble.
Associate Professor of Economics,
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Economic development is a process of sustained rise in economic agreements and structural changes. Population as a factor unit plays in the growth process through good PQLI. But historical evidences have proved that human recourse has been under trouble and risk by epidemics. The present epidemic HIV-AIDS was originated in South Africa and becomes universal epidemic. India has been also in its clutches. The impotent peculiarity that it attacks on young population between the age group of 15 to 45 years which is national dividend .Once the HIV virus entry the human body, it cannot be separated from the blood and it reduced the CD 4 in the blood. It is non curable and slowly poisoning the infected person he becomes the driver to spread to general population. In the binging this epidemic was in rising trend due to the lack of knowledge and medical invention to control. But since 2004 the operation of internal and international organizations its growth has been drastically declining in each countries of the world. However India is among top 10 countries of the world in its prevalence. Since it has been continuously spreading, the parallel prevention and control programmes and studies are to be activate and remap regularly.

This study is based on both primary and secondary data covering 10 talukas of the district, 609 high risk population group like truck drivers, students, police constables, general population taken as a sample for evaluating the awareness and prevention measures. As a part of it the present UGC minor research project was under taken to analyses the epidemic status. The project report basically analyzed the HIV AIDS with context to social stigma, its scenario at global, national, state and control, preventions of programs and evaluates the awareness of HIV AIDS epidemic in the Belgaum district of Karnataka state.

The report is composed with TEN chapters. Chapter I: Introduction. II. HIV-AIDS and Social Stigma. Chapter.III. Extent of HIV-AIDS in the World. IV. Trends in the Growth of HIV-AIDS India. V.Trends in the Growth of HIV-AIDS in Karnataka. VI. HIV-AIDS Cost and Social Overhead. VII. Policies and Programs for Prevention and Control of HIV-AIDS in India. VIII. Policies and Programs for Prevention and Control of HIV-AIDS in Karnataka. IX. Status of HIV-AIDS in Belgaum District. X. Evaluation of Awareness of HIV-AIDS in Belgaum District and XI. Conclusion.




MEGA CORPORATE RETAIL IN INDIA
IT’S IMPACT ON SMALL RETAILERS AND CONSUMERS
DR. V. V. BENGERI
Principal Investigator,
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Indian retail until recently was dominated 12 million small retail outlets popularly referred to as ‘Kirana Shops’. These sole proprietary retailers had a vice-grip on Indian retail segment. This situation prevailed for century’s to-gether. However, the arrival of big ticket corporate entities in the retail segment, with their considerable financial clout, changed the scenario in a big way.

It was against this backdrop of imminent struggle between organized and unorganized retailers, this researcher decided to conduct an in depth study of the various facets of corporate retail in India and its impact on small retailers and consumers.

The main objective of the investigator was to find an incontrovertible answer to the nagging question as to whether high profile corporate retailers will drive small local grocers out of business and snatch the livelihood from their mouths. The objective of the researcher was to find out whether the Indian retail space is vast enough in which both organized and unorganized retailers can coexist and flourish.

Basically, a research study of this kind is empirical in nature, necessitating both primary and secondary data. It was a sample based socio-economic survey. Secondary data was gathered from published articles and website portals. Primary data were collected by canvassing closed-ended questionnaire-schedules among the selected respondents. Sampling technique employed by the present researcher for gathering primary data was stratified opportune sampling method.

To analyse the data deliberately simple statistical tools like percentages, tables and simple graphs were used, to make the deductions and interpretations of quantifications easier to understand.

The project confined itself to the study of only three corporate retail entities, viz.



  • • Big Bazaar of Pantaloon Ltd.
  • • More for you of Aditya Birla Group
  • • Reliance Fresh of Reliance Retail India, Ltd., located in the study area.

The sample population selected as respondents for collecting their responses consisted of small retailers likely to have been impacted by the establishment of the ultra modern retail outlets of corporate honcho entities and shoppers who regularly visit these outlets belonging to organised retail sector.


  • • Small retailers 100
  • • Consumers 400

The study has proved that the apprehension of small retailers that they will be in dire straits and lose their livelihood as a result of corporate retailers is unfounded. By taking certain measures delineated in the chapter ‘suggestions of the researcher’, small retailers can enhance their competitive edge.

The project has also come to the conclusion that consumers will stand to benefit significantly from the corporate retail boom in the country.

The most noteworthy finding of the research study is that Indian retail corporates have they proved to the world at large that they can evolve their own indigenous formats and processes to be the globally competent retail chain outlets, without being copy cats.

The findings of the study are region specific. But since Indian small retailers and consumers throughout the country are nearly uniform in their life styles, consumption and spending pattern, the finding may be generalized also.




A STUDY OF INVESTMENT IN SECURITIES ADOPTED BY INVESTORS IN BELGAUM CITY
SHRI. M.A.DOMBAR
Principal Investigator
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I am extremely happy to submit to UGC this report on the Minor Research Project carried out by me on ‘A study of investments in securities adopted by the investors in the BELGAUM city’. I am grateful to the University Grants Commission, for sanctioning financial assistance to me to undertake and complete this MRP of vital significance to the present day economy of our emerging nation.

Indian securities market is playing a vital role the emerging industrial sector to attract the investors by listing their securities. India’s upwardly mobile middle class that constitutes nearly a third of our population was eagerly waiting for the investments of their savings in the profitable avenues. The growth of industrial sector and regulating authorities and legislations has opened new doors for such income group.

Liberalization, privatization and globalization have opened up the avenues into the wide range of investment areas and financial assets, so that the investors have the better basket of diversified investment. Services of a large numbers of service providers are also available online for the investors. There might be confusion in the minds of the investors while choosing proper portfolio. It calls for the analysis of portfolio components strengths and weaknesses, problems and prospects. Many- a- time people find it difficult in deciding where to invest, when to invest, how much to invest, why to invest and other related aspects. Hence, according to the portfolio investment it is the proper time to study the portfolio investment strategies followed by the investors.

Almost everyone owns a portfolio of investments. The portfolio is likely to comprise financial assets (bank deposits, bonds, stocks and so on) and real assets (motorcycle, residential house and so on). The portfolio may be the result of a series of haphazard decisions or may be the result of deliberate and careful planning. Economic well being of an investor in the long run depends significantly on how wisely or foolishly they invest.

The unique goals and circumstances of the investor must also be considered. Some investors are more risk averse than others.Mutual fund has developed the particular techniques to optimize their portfolio holdings

The main objective of the investigator was to find out uncontrollable answer to the nagging question as whether profile of corporates would drive out of business and snatch the investors of other investment institutes. The objective of the researcher was to find out whether Indian stock market is vast enough in which both Banks, LIC, Gold & Real estate could co-exist and flourish.

Generally, investors pursue an active stance with respect to security selection. For stock selection, investors commonly go by fundamental analysis and/or technical analysis.

As a virtue, patience is strangely distributed among investors. Young investors, with all the time in the world to reap the benefits of patients and diligent investing, seem to be the most impatient. They look for instantaneous results and often check prices on a daily basis. Old investors, on the other hand, display a high degree of patience

Securities markets provide a channel for allocation of savings of an individual or an organization to those who have a productive need for them. So a security market can be said a location where the savers meet the real investors who need fund. The savers and investors are constrained by economy’s abilities to invest and save respectively which thus helps market in enhancing savings and investment in the economy. The dynamics of the economic, political, cultural and environmental activities within the country and rest of the world, therefore, affect the Stock Markets.

Basically, a research study of this kind is empirical in nature, necessitating both primary and secondary data. It was a sample based socio-economic survey.

Secondary data was gathered from published articles and website portals. Canvassing closed-ended questionnaire-schedules among the selected respondents collected primary data. Sampling technique employed by the present researcher for gathering primary data was stratified opportune sampling method.

To analyse the data deliberately simple statistical tools like percentages, tables and simple graphs were used, to make the interpretations of quantifications easier to understand.

The project confined itself to the study of investors located in the study area.

The sample population selected as respondents for collecting their responses consisted of different occupation and income group. Census method of investigation is not feasible in this kind of socoi-economic surveys. Hence, the present researcher employed sample study technique. Respondents’ sample size was 300.

The project work was lasted for more than two years and involves as lot of travelling by roads to interview the respondents. Majority of the respondents made the researcher to visit them again and again. A good number of them viewed us with suspicion. But on being convinced that our work is primarily of academic nature, they opened up and replied to our questions.

The project has also come to the conclusion that investors will stand to benefit significantly from the stock market in the country.

The most note worthy finding of the research study is that Indian Stock Market have proved to the world at large that they can evolve their own formats and processes to be the globally competent by entering the top major stock markets in the world.

The report is divided into seven chapters. They are

• Statement of the problem and research design

• Theoretical Background& review of literature

• Stock market scenario & operations of stock broking firms

• Profile of the study area viz, Belgaum city

• Data Analysis and Interpretations

• Findings and Suggestions

• Bibliography




SYNTHESIS OF NANOCRYSTALLINE LI-NI-CU FERRITES BY CHEMICAL METHOD
Dr. R.G.Kharabe
Principal Investigator Dr. R.G.Kharabe
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Ferrites are iron oxide based ceramic ferrimagnetic materials. Magnetic and electric properties are greatly influenced by grain diameter, porosity and microstructure

Ferrites prepared by ceramic method suffer from chemical non homogeneity due to evaporation of certain elements at high temperature. This leads to less densed ferrites caused by evolution and re-absorption of oxygen

In the last few years, nanophase and nano structure materials are getting more and more importance because of their potential applications in the field of electronic industry The unique properties and improved performances of nano materials can be achieved by their size, surface morphology and inter particle interactions. In view of this, chemical route has been selected to synthesize Li Ni Cu ferrites to undertake studies on XRD, IR spectra and DC conductivity. The entire work is divided in to three chapters

Chapter I includes historical background along with explanation of spinel structure and classification of spinel ferrites based on structure and chemical composition. It also deals with applications and orientation of the project.

Chapter II deals with different methods of preparation of ferrite in particular chemical route. The role of sucrose and PVA is also explained. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of single phase simple cubic structure of all the samples. The calculated interplanar distances, lattice parameters are comparable to ASTM data. The grain diameter calculated with the help of XRD patterns are of the order of nanometers. This confirms the formation of nano particles. IR spectra displays prominent bands ?1 and ?2 in the range of 400 cm-1 800 cm-1 . The band ?1 is assigned to tetrahedral complexes while ?2 is assigned to octahedral complexes

Chapter III deals with study on DC resistivity, measured by four probe method from room temperature to 700o C. The plots of log ? VS 1000/T shows break at Curie temperature (Tc). It is due to magnetic disordering with conduction mechanism. The decrease in resistivity with Cu is attributed to n-type conductivity associated with Cu. It is proposed to undertake further work on preparation of nano ferrites by using nitrates and citric acid to achieve better results.




Gender Related Human Development Indices and Woman Empowerment in India
Dr B. S. Kamble
Principal Investigator, Department of Economics
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The economic development has been centralized with the Human Development by replacing the GDP since the publication of UNDP Human Development Report 1990. But exclusion of women in Human Development Index was found and recognized that without gender growth there is a loss in development. Therefore, so far at Global, Residential, State and District level Human Development reports with readjusting, recasting and capturing the neglected indicators within the major dimension framework of the original HDI report. Consequently, the inclusion of Gender in Human and Economic development was thought up. Initially HDI includes three dimensions; A long and Healthy life, Knowledge and A decent standard of living. UNDP recast the Human centered HDR for capturing the Gender gaps in development and empowerment in the Third World by introducing the Gender related Human Development Indices; GDI, GEM and GII in 1995 and 2005. In India, with the cooperation of UNDP, the Ministry of Child And Women development, Indian Institute of Public Administration and TAC made GDI index framework. The latest GDI framework has three dimensions viz, women reproductive health, empowerment and labor market participation with new indicators. In 2011 the world average GII scale was 0.492 which indicates a 49.2 percent lose in potential women development because of gender inequality.

The empirical study in 10 talukas, 30 villages and 276 women and proportionate male respondents have taken with three dimensions and 15 indicators which are close to the women empowerment. They includes Ownership of assets; house, land, vehicle. Freedom on earned income; marketing, investment, saving. Bank transaction ; bank account, bank transaction and ATM operation. Political dimension ; casting vote, attending and suggestions in GS. Social dimension includes; participation in decision making of children education and marriage and in religion activities. The findings of the study are; women are empowered more in economic and political participation and decision making compare to the social empowerment in the district. The ownership of land by women is more than other ownership of assets. Women were drastically empowered in opening of bank accounts but she was deprived in transaction and ATM operation. The right to vote is not access to the women because either husband, son or male member in the society is influenced while casting vote. Half of the women attended in GS were made action plan suggestions. A woman empowered in selection of education course for their children was more than the children marriage and religion activities. The compound average women empowerment among women was more in CWE, BWE and KSRTCW nut less empowered women in WGPM, WAL, CWE. Performance of women empowerment Taluka wise better in Chikkodi, Belagavi, Athani, Gokak, Khanapur in economic, Chikkodi, Athani, Belagavi, Bailhongal, Gokak in Political and Hukkeri, Gokak, Chikkodi, Athani, Raibag in Social activities. Taluka wise Performance of women empowerment low in Bailhongal, Hukkeri, Raibag, Ramdurg, Savadatti in economic, Ramdurg, Savadatti, Khanapur, Raibag, Hukkeri in political and Khanapur, Belagavi, Bailhongal, Ramdurg and Savadatti in social activities. The gender wage disparity was between Rs.20 to Rs.50 among the categories of women in the same work. But there is no salary disparity between employed men and women working in same profession. About 34.30 percentage of women participating and in decision making. It implied that 65.70 men control and monitoring these activities. It needs triangle measures to empower women. Women herself identify her role in the family and the society. Men must understand the role of women in the society and made affordable and access to activities. Government has to expand and undertake widely the women empowerment programmes.

The project is composed with eight chapters; 1. Introduction, 2. Economic Development and Human Development, 3. Gender Related Human Development indices: HDI and GDI in India, 4. Gender Related Human Development Index: GEM in India, 5. Gender Related Human Development Index: GII, 6. Profile of Belagavi District and Respondents, 7. Data analysis Women Empowerment in Belagavi District, 8. Summary and Findings.




DEVOLOPMENT OF DALITS IN KARNATAKA 1947-2015
Dr V. D. Malagi
Principal Investigator, Department of History
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The economic development has been centralized with the Dalit Development in India But exclusion of Dalit in Human Development Index was found and recognized that without Dalitgrowth there is a loss in development. Therefore, so far at national and State or at District level Human Development reports with readjusting, recasting and capturing the neglected indicators within the major dimension framework. Consequently, the inclusion of Dalit in Human and Economic development was thought up. A long and Healthy life, Knowledge and a decent standard of living. In India, with the cooperation of, the Ministry of Social welfare, Indian Institute of Public Administration.

The empirical study in 10 talukas, 30 villages and 276 women and proportionate male respondents have taken with three dimensions and 15 indicators which are close to the Dalit empowerment. They includes Ownership of assets; house, land, vehicle. Freedom on earned income; marketing, investment, saving. Bank transaction ; bank account, bank transaction operation. Political dimension; casting vote, attending and suggestions in GS. Social dimension includes; participation in decision making of children education and marriage and in religion activities. The findings of the study are; women are empowered more in economic and political participation and decision making compare to the social empowerment in the district. The ownership of land by women is more than other ownership of assetsDalits were drastically empowered. The right to vote is not access to the Dalit is influenced while casting vote. A Dalit empowered in selection of education course for their children was more than the children marriage and religion activities. Performance of Dalit empowerment Taluka wise better in Chikkodi, Belagavi, Athani, Gokak, Khanapur in economic, Chikkodi, Athani, Belagavi, Bailhongal, Gokak in Political and Hukkeri, Gokak, Chikkodi, Athani, Raibag in Social activities. Taluka wise Performance of women empowerment low in Bailhongal, Hukkeri, Raibag, Ramdurg, Savadatti in economic, Ramdurg, Savadatti, Khanapur, Raibag, Hukkeri in political and Khanapur, Belagavi, Bailhongal, Ramdurg and Savadatti in social activities.. It needs triangle measures to empower Dalit. Women herself identify her role in the family and the society. Men must understand the role of women in the society and made affordable and access to activities. Government has to expand and undertake widely the Dalit empowerment programmes.

The project is composed with five chapters; 1. Introduction, 2. Political Development 3. Economic Development, 4. Social Development, 5. Summary Findings.




DEVOLOPMENT OF DALITS IN KARNATAKA 1947-2015
Dr (Smt) G. A. Chougala
Principal Investigator, Department of Kannada
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ಚಿಕ್ಕೋಡಿ ತಾಲೂಕು ಆಡಳಿತಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ನಾಲ್ಕು ಕಂದಾಯ ಹೋಬಳಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಭಜನೆಗೊಂಡಿದೆ.  ಚಿಕ್ಕೋಡಿ 2. ನಾಗರಮುನ್ನೋಳಿ 3. ಸದಲಗಾ 4. ನಿಪ್ಪಾಣಿ ಹೋಬಳಿಗಳಾಗಿದ್ದು ಚಿಕ್ಕೋಡಿ ಹೋಬಳಿಯಲ್ಲಿ 25 ಗ್ರಾಮಗಳು, ನಾಗರಮುನ್ನೋಳಿ ಹೋಬಳಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 26 ಗ್ರಾಮಗಳು, ನಿಪ್ಪಾಣಿ ಹೋಬಳಿಯಲ್ಲಿ 29 ಗ್ರಾಮಗಳು ಒಳಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತವೆ. ಚಿಕ್ಕೋಡಿ ಹಲವು ಧರ್ಮಗಳ ನೆಲೆಬೀಡಾಗಿದೆ. ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಶೈವ, ಜೈನ, ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂ, ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣರು, ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತರು ಇರುವರಲ್ಲದೇ ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ತಮ್ಮ ತಮ್ಮ ಧರ್ಮ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯದಂತೆ ದೇವತೆಗಳ ಆಚರಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ನಡೆಸುತ್ತಾ ಬಂದಿರುವರು. ದಲಿತರು ತಮ್ಮ ಕೇರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ತಮ್ಮದೇ ಆದ ದೈವಗಳ ಆಚರಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ನಡೆಸುತ್ತಾ ಸಮಾಜದಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲರೊಳಗೊಂದಾಗಿ ಬದುಕುತ್ತಿರುವ ಇವರ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ದೈವಗಳು ಭಿನ್ನ ರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಲ್ಲುತ್ತವೆ. ಈ ಭಿನ್ನತೆಯೇ ನನ್ನ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯ ತಿರುಳು. ಮಾರೆಮ್ಮಾ, ಕಾಳಮ್ಮಾ, ಮೈಲಮ್ಮಾ, ಸಿಡಬಮ್ಮಾ, ಗೌರಮ್ಮಾ, ಲಗಮವ್ವಾ ಹೀಗೆ ಮುಂತಾಗಿ ಗುರುತಿಸುವುದು. ಭಾರತದಾದ್ಯಂತ ಇರುವ ಈ ಮೇಲಿನಂತಹ ಸ್ತ್ರೀದೈವಗಳಿಗೆ ಕೊಡುವ ಬಲಿ ಪದ್ಧತಿ ನೈವೇದ್ಯ, ಉಡುಗೆ-ತೊಡುಗೆ, ಮೂಢನಂಬಿಕೆ ಹಾಗೂ ದಲಿತರ ಅನಕ್ಷರತೆ, ಬಡತನ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ದೈವಗಳ ಅಳಿವು-ಉಳಿವು ಆಚರಣೆಗಳು ಇವೆಲ್ಲವುಗಳನ್ನು ಆರ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಸಂಸ್ಕøತಿಯ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚಿಸುವುದು. ವರ್ಗ ಸಂಘರ್ಷ, ವರ್ಣ ಸಂಘರ್ಷದೊಂದಿಗೆ ನನ್ನ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ಸಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ ಮೇಲ್ಕಂಡ ಎಲ್ಲ ದಲಿತ ಸ್ತ್ರೀದೈವಗಳ ಮಧ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಆಂತರಿಕ ಸಂಬಂಧಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಒಂದಕ್ಕೆ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ಪೂರಕವಾಗಿರುವುದು. ದಲಿತ ಸಮುದಾಯದಲ್ಲಿ ರುದ್ರ ದೇವತೆಗಳಿವೆ. ಸೌಮ್ಯ ದೇವತೆಗಳಿವೆ, ಗಡಿರಕ್ಷಣಾ ದೇವತೆಗಳು, ಫಲದೇವತೆಗಳು, ಹಾಗೂ ರೋಗ ನಿವಾರಣಾ ದೇವತೆಗಳು ಗಮನ ಸೆಳೆಯುತ್ತವೆ. ಸತಿ ಪದ್ಧತಿಯಿಂದುಟಾದ ಮಾಸ್ತಿದೇವತೆಗಳೂ ಇವೆ. ದಲಿತ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ದೈವಗಳಿಗೆ ಹರಕೆಯ ರೂಪಗಳೇ ಬೇರೆ ಇವರಿಗೆ ದಲಿತರು ಒಪ್ಪಿಸುವ ರೀತಿ ಬಹಳವಾಗಿ ರೋಚಿತವಾಗಿವೆ. ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ದೈವಗಳಿಗೆ, ಕೋಣ, ಕುರಿ, ಮೆಕೆ, ಕೋಳಿ, ಹಂದಿಯನ್ನು ಬಲಿ ಕೊಡುವರು. ದಲಿತ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ದೈವಗಳು ಸಮಾಜದಲ್ಲಿ ಇತರೆ ವರ್ಗದವರು ಪೂಜಿಸುವ ದೈವಗಳು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಶಕ್ತಿಯುತವಾಗಿವೆ ಎಂದು ಶತಮಾನಗಳಿಂದಲೂ ನಂಬಿಕೊಂಡು ಬಂದಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚೆಯ ತುಣುಕುಗಳನ್ನು ತುಚ್ಛವಾಗಿ ಕಾಣಬೇಕಾಗಿಲ್ಲ. ಒಂದು ಸಮಾಜದಲ್ಲಿ ವಾಸವಾಗಿರುವ ಮನುಷ್ಯರು ಯಾವ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬದುಕನ್ನು ಕಟ್ಟಿಕೊಂಡು ಮುನ್ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಆ ದಾರಿಯ ಜಾಡಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಈ ಮೇಲಿನ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ವಿಷಯಗಳ ದೃಷ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ದಲಿತ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ದೈವಗಳು ಅಸ್ಪøಶ್ಯವಾಗಿವೆ ಮತ್ತು ತೀರ ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿವೆ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟಿಕರಿಸುವುದು ನನ್ನ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯ ಮಹತ್ವ.

ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಮೂಲಕ ಸಮಾಜದಲ್ಲಿ ದಲಿತರು ಆರಂಭದಿಂದಲೂ ತಮ್ಮ ದೈವಗಳ ಆಚರಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಊರಿನ ಹೊರಗೆ ಇಟ್ಟು ಪೂಜಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಬಂದಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅಂದರೆ ದಲಿತರು ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕವಾಗಿ, ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕವಾಗಿ, ಆರ್ಥಿಕವಾಗಿ, ರಾಜಕೀಯವಾಗಿ, ಸಾಂಸ್ಕøತಿಕವಾಗಿಯೂ ಕೂಡ ಬೆರಳೆಣಿಕೆಯಷ್ಟು ಮಾತ್ರ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಹೊಂದಿರುವರು. ಉದ್ದೇಶಿತ ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು ಹೀಗೆ ಗುರುತಿಸಬಹುದು. • ಇಲ್ಲಿ ತರ್ಕವೆಂದರೆ ದ್ರಾವಿಡರು ಮೂಲವಾಗಿ ನಂಬಿ ಆರಾಧನೆ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡು ಬಂದ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ದೈವಗಳನ್ನು ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ವಿಕಾಸದ ನೆಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ಹಂತಹಂತವಾಗಿ ಒಡೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಬಂದರೆನ್ನುವುದು. • ನಮ್ಮ ಭಾರತದಾದ್ಯಂತ ಜಾತಿ, ವರ್ಗ, ವರ್ಣ, ಜನಾಂಗ, ಹಿಂದುಳಿದ ಅಲ್ಪಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ, ಪರಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಜಾತಿ, ಪರಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಪಂಗಡಗಳಾಗಿ ಬೇರ್ಪಡಿಸಿದಂತೆ ದಲಿತ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ದೈವಗಳನ್ನು ಏಕೆ ಒಡೆಯಲಾಯ್ತು. • ದಲಿತ ಜನಾಂಗದ ಹಿಂದಿರುವ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತ ಸಂಸ್ಕøತಿಯನ್ನು ಗುರುತಿಸುವುದು. • ದಲಿತ ಕುಲ ಕಸಬುದಾರರ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಮಹತ್ವವನ್ನು ಒದಗಿಸುವುದು. • ದಲಿತ ಹಾಡು, ನೃತ್ಯ, ಕಲೆ, ಭಾಷೆ, ಸಂಸ್ಕøತಿಯನ್ನು ಅವಲೋಕಿಸುವುದು. ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ಅವರು ಆಚರಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುವ ದಲಿತ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ದೈವಗಳಿಗೆ ನೆಲೆ ಒದಗಿಸಿ ಉಳಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಇಂದಿಗೂ ನಮಗೆ ಹೇಗೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತವೆನಿಸಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದೇ ಮುಖ್ಯ ವಿಷಯ. ನಾಗರೀಕತೆ ಬೆಳೆದಂತೆಲ್ಲಾ ದಲಿತರ ಆಚಾರ, ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ, ಸಂಸ್ಕøತಿ ಇವೆಲ್ಲವುಗಳನ್ನು ಹಿಡಿದಿಡುವುದೇ ಈ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ.